Type II Solar Radio Bursts: Theory and Space Weather Implications

Recent data and theory for type II solar radio bursts are reviewed, focusing on a recent analytic quantitative theory for interplanetary type II bursts. The theory addresses electron reflection and acceleration at the type II shock, formation of electron beams in the foreshock, and generation of Langmuir waves and the type II radiation there. The theory's predictions as functions of the shock and plasma parameters are summarized and discussed in terms of space weather events. The theory is consistent with available data, has explanations for radio-loud/quiet coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and why type IIs are bursty, and can account for empirical correlations between type IIs, CMEs, and interplanetary disturbances. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

High-Frequency Radio Signatures of Solar Eruptive Flares

Several examples of the radio emission of eruptive solar flares with high-frequency slowly drifting structures and type II bursts are presented. Relationships of these radio bursts with eruptive phenomena such as soft X-ray plasmoid ejection and shock formation are shown. Possible underlying physical processes are discussed in the framework of the plasmoid ejection model of eruptive solar flares. On the other hand, it is shown that these radio bursts can be considered as radio signatures of eruptive solar flares and thus used for the prediction of heliospheric effects. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

飞行器纵向阻尼动导数直接测量实验研究

介绍了新研制的“FL-8风洞大幅升沉和俯仰耦合振荡实验系统”及采用该系统产生纯俯仰运动测量飞行器纵向阻尼动导数的试验技术，给出了部分试验结果。实验结果表明，阻尼导数和时差导数在中、大迎角时存在明显的非线性耦合，采用纯俯仰运动直接测量的阻尼导数在整个迎角范围内都是合理的。     

俯仰振荡三角翼在非定常自由流中运动的实验

在南京航空航天大学已建成的国内首座非定常风洞内,研制了一套单自由度俯仰振荡实验装置,设计开发了一套对模型姿态和来流风速进行联合控制的软件。对一60°后掠三角翼模型进行了单独俯仰振荡运动和俯仰振荡与自由来流耦合运动的实验。实验结果表明:模型做单独俯仰振荡时,振动频率和振动幅值的影响只有在迟滞环出现后才起作用,而迟滞环的出现是由于翼面上的不同流态对外界扰动的反应时间不同造成的。非定常自由流对做俯仰振荡的三角翼气动特性有很大的影响,模型上仰过程中来流的减速,进一步提高了最大升力系数,推迟了失速迎角;模型下俯过程中来流的加速,则更进一步推迟了升力系数恢复到静态时的值。当翼面上产生破碎涡流时,非定常自由流的作用表现得更为明显。     

三块各向正交异性矩形板构成的卫星帆板在各种载荷下的横向弯曲

本文以三块各向正交异性矩形板组成的卫星帆板为研究对象,首次利用半解析方法研究了其横向弯曲的问题。就板间连接处复杂的边界条件,提出了与之对应的挠度函数形式。在此基础上采用相同形式的挠度函数求出了帆板在各种横向外载荷作用下的挠度,为解决多板连接结构的弯曲问题提供了一种有别于以往数值方法的新思路。     

视觉测振技术在柔性太阳翼模态试验中的应用

针对8 m×5 m的柔性太阳翼在倒立状态下进行模态试验，设计数字摄像视觉测振系统，基于图像特征跟踪法实现了从相机标定、图像采集、信息提取到三维振动数据获取的过程，通过工况模态辨识方法获取了柔性太阳翼模态频率及振型等动力学参数。并考虑空气和重力影响建立太阳翼有限元模型，通过与基于基恩士激光位移传感器的传统模态试验结果及仿真分析结果进行对比，验证了基于视觉测振工况模态试验方法的准确性，为柔性太阳翼在轨模态辨识奠定基础。     

绳索断裂对二维二次太阳翼展开过程影响分析

为识别二维二次太阳翼关键环节和预示其在轨展开故障模式，开展不同位置绳索断裂失效对太阳翼展开的影响程度分析。采用考虑绳索断裂的绳索联动轮力学模型，建立了适应于不同联动轮半径的联动轮受力模型，提出角度触发约束消除方法，解决了太阳翼第2次展开过程连续仿真问题，建立了太阳翼第2次展开动力学方程，分析了不同位置绳索断裂失效对太阳翼各板展开角度、展开构型和其他绳索张力的影响。分析表明，越靠近星体的绳索联动机构失效对太阳翼展开过程的影响越大，其中连接架上绳索联动机构失效可直接导致二维二次太阳翼在轨展开失败。     

地球同步轨道薄膜太阳帆的姿态轨道控制方法

薄膜太阳帆（FSS）是集推进、发电和姿轨控功能于一体化的超大型挠性太阳帆式航天器，通过调整薄膜反射率产生可变推力和力矩，实现其姿态和轨道运动控制。结合薄膜太阳帆在地球同步轨道运行时的受力特性进行了轨道漂移分析。通过建立薄膜太阳帆动力学模型及受力模型，提出了调整帆面角度轨道修正方法以及基于薄膜光压力矩角动量卸载的长期在轨对日定向面内双轴动量轮稳定控制方法。通过系统仿真验证表明所提的轨道修正和对日定向控制方法是合理有效的，可使薄膜太阳帆长期在定点位置维持对日定向。     

Observations of a quasi-90-day oscillation in the MLT winds and tides over an equatorial station using meteor radar winds

An evident signature of a least studied quasi-90-day oscillation is found in the winds and tides in the MLT from an equatorial station, São João do Cariri (7.4°S, 36.5°W). The oscillation is found to appear mainly in certain intervals with small but appreciable seasonal (fourth harmonic of annual oscillation) contribution. The maximum amplitude of the oscillation is found to be around 10 m/s in the zonal wind. The enhancement peak of the oscillation exhibits downward movement indicating a plausible role of upward moving waves/tides in carrying its imprint from below to the MLT. Similar oscillation feature in the tropospheric zonal wind and ozone may imply its lower atmospheric origin as a component of the intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) that moves upward by modulating the tides. Subsequently, the propagating tides (mainly semidiurnal) are enhanced by the ozone in the stratosphere through absorption of solar UV radiation and finally manifest the oscillation in the MLT. Consistency of the present findings with the past investigations are observed in some aspects of the oscillation, whereas existing mismatches in others are believed to be due to geophysical variability depending on space and time among various locations on the globe.     

低轨卫星月影事件预报优化

针对卫星月影问题,提出了一种低轨卫星优化的月影预报策略,可以有效提高目前低轨卫星在轨管理时对月影事件预报的效率.结合仿真对产生月影事件的太阳、地球、月球的三体关系进行了分析,首先给出了月影产生的解析分析方法,并通过对一个三维月影影响模型的分析,得到了月影影响区间的判定要素——月影临界角;然后进一步通过对月影临界角的分析,提出了基于太阳与白道面的位置关系和月影临界角对低轨卫星月影事件的优化预报方法;最后基于大量的随机低轨卫星场景对本方法的正确性进行了验证.研究结果表明,此方法能够较大地提高月影预报效率,可以将月影预报频率从每月1次降低到每年2次,从而简化了低轨卫星在轨运行管理的任务复杂度,为卫星的在轨可靠运行提供支持.